The HEPA filter (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) is widely used in devices and equipment that involve air suction or blowing.
It is commonly found in household appliances such as vacuum cleaners and air purifiers.
HEPA filters are also used in laboratory, medical, and industrial applications.
They are made of compressed fiberglass or synthetic fibers, with diameters ranging from 0.5 to 2 microns depending on the application.

Structure of HEPA Filter

A HEPA filter is composed of densely packed polymer fibers with fine pores.
This structure allows air to pass through easily, while particles larger than 0.03 microns are trapped.
To extend the filter’s lifespan, it is folded in an accordion shape, increasing surface area.
For example, up to 40 square meters of filter media can be compressed into a device just 1 meter in size.
HEPA filters are typically rectangular for air purifiers, though circular or cylindrical versions also exist.

Some HEPA filters cannot be washed, though light cleaning is possible.
It is recommended to replace them once their service life ends to maintain efficiency.

HEPA Filter Classes

HEPA filters are classified based on their ability to capture particles of 0.3 microns.
For example, the lowest class, H10 (HEPA10), can filter up to 85% of airborne particles.

How Does a HEPA Filter Work?

In air purifiers, a fan pulls air into the device and forces it through multiple filters, including the HEPA filter.
With pore sizes around 0.3 microns, the filter allows air to pass while trapping larger particles like dust and pollutants.
Filtration occurs through three mechanisms:

Interception

Particles around 100 nanometers in size are intercepted by fibers while air continues to flow freely.
This reduces strain on the device’s motor and increases its lifespan.

Impaction

Larger particles (above 1 micron) collide with dense fibers and get trapped, while air passes through efficiently.

Diffusion

Very fine particles (below 0.1 microns) move randomly, slowing their spread and increasing the chances of being captured by the HEPA filter.

HEPA filters only remove airborne particles. They cannot capture odors, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), or formaldehyde.
Therefore, air purifiers often use activated carbon filters alongside HEPA filters.

What is Particulate Matter (PM)?

Particulate matter (PM) refers to a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets in the air.
Some, like smoke, ash, and dust, are visible to the naked eye, while others are so small they require a microscope.
PM is categorized into two main types:

• PM10: Particles 10 microns or smaller that are inhalable.
• PM2.5: Ultrafine particles 2.5 microns or smaller.
  For comparison, a human hair is about 70 microns in diameter—roughly 30 times larger than PM2.5.

Sources of Particulate Matter

Particulate matter comes in many forms and from different sources.
Some are directly emitted from roads, construction, wildfires, and smokestacks.
Most, however, are created through complex chemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, often from vehicles, factories, and power plants.

Health Risks of PM

Particles smaller than 10 microns can easily enter the respiratory system, causing health issues.
The smallest particles may even reach the bloodstream, creating long-term health risks.

Buy HEPA Filters from Serkan Filter

At Serkan Filter, we have been active in the filter market for many years.
To purchase HEPA filters, visit our online store where you can compare products and order the one that best suits your needs.
Our experienced consultants are also available to provide expert advice.

Conclusion

In short, the HEPA filter is one of the most effective filters for capturing airborne particles.
It is widely used in devices such as vacuum cleaners and air purifiers, as well as in medical, laboratory, and industrial equipment.
HEPA filters can trap particles smaller than 1 micron, including dust, pollen, bacteria, and even viruses, helping to create cleaner, healthier air.
The size and design of HEPA filters vary depending on the application.